Editions
Zograph Miscellany
Also cited as Zogr. 107, the source is a late 14th century panegyricon, containing texts for the period of September-February, presently held at the Zograph Monastery on the Mount Athos. Contains also Lives of John of Rila and Hilarion of Meglen. Life of St.Petka is written on the folios 74r-82v. According to Kałužniacki (1901:lxxii), the text represents an early, extended variant of the Church Slavonic Life, elaborating more the deeds of Petka in her childhood, as well as those of her brother. These are neither found in the damaskini, nor in sources reflecting the Prologue variant. The variant was likely more popular in Moldova, where it became the base for the Varlaam's translation. Another source using a similar edition can be found in the manuscript Ф 113 № 629 of the Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery from 1537 (link), which also contains later extensions by George Tsamblak. For more information about the manuscript, see the following link. The facsimile has been provided by the University of Sofia "Sv.Kliment Oxridski". A digital edition of the text has been published earlier by the University at the "Cyrillomethodiana" online library (link). The digital text has been revised and accented (also including spirits) according to the facsimile. Modern Bulgarian translations reflect the edition available at slovo.bg website. Struck passage on the last page was restored using Kałužniacki's critical edition.
Zbornik za putnike
Also cited as Vuković 1536, it is a small format book with prayers and two hagiographies (also of St.George), conceived as a handy travel book, collected and edited by a certain monk Moisei, published in 1520 and 1536 (the latter used by this website) by Božidar Vuković in Venice. The Church Slavonic text is based on the panegyric Life of St. Petka by Patriarch Euthymius (further transcripts of the original, prepared by Krasimir Berov of the Kliment Oxridski University in Sofia, can be found here). It was shortened and accustomed to the Resava orthography likely by Moisei himself. The facsimile of the original source can be found at the website of the Matica Srpska. The damaged parts were restored according to the critical edition by Stojan Novaković (1877), as well as manuscripts NBKM 665 and NBKM 709 (cf. below) of the National Library in Sofia. The Life can be found on l.191r-200v.
BAR Ms.slav 287
A 16th-century Church Slavonic synaxar with lives of saints for the period September-February, likely written in Wallachia (Panaitescu 1959:285), following Resava orthography. The text shows some oscillations in case system and distinction of y. Currently, the manuscript is preserved at the Library of the Romanian Academy of Sciences in Bucharest. It includes the prologue edition of the Life of St. Petka, which is similar to the version contained in NBKM 665 and PPS - but without the localization of Kallikratia in Serbia. The facsimile has been provided by the Library. The Life is written on l.50r-51r.
Cazania lui Varlaam
A Romanian edition of Euthymius' extended version, similar to that of Zogr.107, translated by by Varlaam Moţoc, Metropolite of Moldavia and published as a part of his Carte Românească de Învăţătură in 1643 in Iaşi. The source has been provided by the Central Library of the University of Cluj "Lucian Blaga" website. The current text is still being processed.
Tixonravov damaskin
One of the oldest and best preserved damaskini, written in a language close to the dialects of Bulgaria spoken in the 16th-17th century. The text has been extensively studied especially by Evgenia I. Demina, who published a three-tome work about it (Demina 1968, 1972, 1985) containing a full transcript of the source, and also led the production of a dictionary based on this damaskin (Demina et al. 2012) - now invaluable resources for scholars not only of Bulgarian language and literature, but also of a broader field of Balkan linguistics. The narrative of the text is close to that of Vuković 1536. The text can be found also in other damaskini from the era, being transcribed and copied even in the 19th century. The base dialect of the text has been often a point of discussion: it comes either from the Lukovit-Teteven area (Mladenova 2007) or from the Western Subbalkan area (Demina 1968:75f). The orthography follows the Resava system, accustomed (though not fully consistently) to the phonetics of the early Modern Bulgarian. The damaskin is available online at the website of the Russian State Library in Moscow, where it is preserved within the collection of N.S. Tixonravov (signature Ф.299 No.702). The Life can be found on l.54r-59r as well as on p.94-98 of the Demina's (1972) critical edition.
Kniga žitïi svętyxъ
A menaion by Demetrius Tuptalo, Bishop of Rostov, published in Kiev in 1689. The Life of St Parascheva shows influences of both the shortened CS edition (likely that of Vuković) and the Prologue version, while containing some additions about the fate of relics after the Ottoman conquest. This text was likely the basis of the version from Nedělnik. We have used the original print version available at the Austrian National Library (sign. 20.Bb.42.(Vol.1) ALT PRUNK) as well as at the library's website (p.583-585 in the online view).
NBKM 709
A 17th century damaskin from Sliven. Contains a version of the Life very close to that of Tixon.d.. In the last part (translation of relics to Tarnovo), the scribe switches abruptly to Church Slavonic, showing a text similar to the Vuković 1536 edition. The source has been provided by the National Library of Bulgaria in Sofia (sign. № 709), l.30v-40r (Arabic pagination).
Ljubljana damaskin
A 17th century manuscript likely from the Kotel-Elena area. It is one of the first damaskini published as a whole in critically by modern linguists (Argirov 1896). The edition of Life is similar to that of Tixonravov d., showing modifications mostly at the lexical level (e.g. gemeџïa 'sailor' instead of korábnikь). The original is available at the National Library of Slovenia in Ljubljana (sign. Cod. Kop. 21), as well as online. The Life can be found on l.96v-103r.
BAN 3312
Written in Vratsa by the priest Ioann in 1788, containing an edition similar to that of Tixonravov d., edited into the language typical for the school of Josif Bradati - possibly being his own translation (cf. Angelov 1958:100). The text is preserved at the Library of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (sign. № 3312). Used pages: 255v-257v.
Berlin damaskin
A manuscript from Northern Bulgaria (Pleven or Svištov), discovered by modern scientists in Berlin in the late 19th century (Conev 1937). The language is an early modern variant of Moesian (Northeastern) dialects of Bulgarian, although they are now pushed out of the area (Miletič 1923:4). The orthography is eclectic, roughly based on the Resava system, but with the preference for ъ. The date of this document is a matter of discussion. Basing on the paper markings, the most recent analyses dated it to 1803 (Ciaramella 1996). The text of the Life is very close to Vuković 1536: omissions and additions in Tixonravov d. and related texts are not found in this edition. It reflects a later, independent translation, a fragment of which is preserved in the manuscript CIAI 133 from Pleven, held in the library of the Church Archive in Sofia (for the contents cf. Sprostranov 1900:211). Both CIAI 133 and Berlin edition describe the fate of the Petka's relics after the Ottoman conquest. Berlin edition also includes an exegetic part, which is not found in any other among the available sources. The damaskin is currently stored at the Library of the Jagellonian University in Cracow (sign. Slav. fol 36). The Life can be found on l.179r-185v.
Pop Punčo's Miscellany
An eclectic collection of hagiographies, homilies and chapters from the Chronicle of Paisius of Hilandar, written in Mokreš in Nortwest Bulgaria by priest Punčo in 1796. The source contains the Life of St. Petka, which is not directly based on Euthymius' text: rather, it is based on the Prologue version, written in a curious language likely close to the 18th c. NW dialect. The source is available at the National Library of Bulgaria in Sofia (sign. № 693), as well as online at the World Digital Library and our website, where the whole Sbornik is being released (l.75r-77v of the Arabic pagination).
Nedělnik 1st Edition
Kyriakodromion sireč Nedělnik - Poučenie by Sophronius, Bishop of Vratsa, was published in Râmnic (Wallachia) in 1806. While considered one of the first printed books in Modern Bulgarian, the language itself is close to the Slavenobulgarian of Paisius and the Bradati's school. The text of the Life (available on l.184v-187r) is loosely based on that of Kniga žitïi svętyxъ, with an original prologue and epilogue by the author. The text is available online at the World Digital Library.
Šiškov's damaskin
A damaskin from the collection of ethnologue Stojo Šiškov. A sidenote by a later hand indicates the year 1813. Analyzing the phonetic features of the text, Mitrinov (2019) locates the origin to the dialect of town Klisura, in the Pirdop area. The text is loosely based on the second (Ljub.d.-type) damaskini or togazi edition (based on words like vldka, poglede instead of epskpь and pьprišta from Tixon.d.-variant), but it contains only the passages on translation of Petka's relics. The manuscript is presently held in the Territorial State Archive in Plovdiv (Ф.№ 52К оп.1 а.е.143 or 1378), which provided the facsimile. The text can be found on l.5v-7v.
NBKM 728
A fragment of a damaskin found in Thessalonike in a copy of Joakim Krčovski's book Miracles of the Mother of God (1817). It is signed by a certain priest Jakov of Macedonia, maybe Jakov Sazdanov from Tetovo. The text is actually written in two fonts, either by two hands, or one part wrote in a hurry. The text is based on the Life of St. Parascheva from Sophronius' Nedělnik. It is shortened and reformulated in a the scribe's dialect, providing a remarkable example of a precedent for literary Macedonian. The orthography is very simple, reflecting the trends, which became the norm in the 1840s. The document is preserved in the National Library of Bulgaria in Sofia (sign. № 728), the Life can be found on l.7r-9r.
NBKM 1064
A late Greek-script damaskin from 1820s from Sliven, possessed (and likely written) by a certain hadži Gendo Vălkov. The script phonetically reflects a 19th c. East Subbalkan dialect. The text is based on the edition similar to Ljubljana d., with additions taken over from the Nedělnik (fate of relics after the fall of Tarnovo and the epilogue). The source has been provided by the National Library of Bulgaria in Sofia (sign. № 1064). The Life can be found on l.28v-40r.
Nedělnik 2nd Edition
The second edition of the Sophronius' Nedělnik, adapted by Todor Xrulev into the standard modern Bulgarian, as defined by Bogorov's grammar. The text was published as Evangelie poučitelno in Novi Sad in 1856. Available online at the National Library of Bulgaria website. The Life can be found on p.256-258.
Notes on Annotation
Most of the sources are annotated according to MultextEAST Damaskini specifications for morphology, Universal Dependencies for syntax (with ammendments described in the Technical Description document here), and the dictionary based on Pup Punčo's Miscellany for lemmatization. Due to differences in both grammar and orthography, annotation of some of the sources diverge from the common model.
Unlike other sources, Zogr.107 follows the Tarnovo orthography. The text shows many examples of the "mixing of nasals", characteristic for Middle Bulgarian literature (Mirčev 1978:114). Both juses are used facultatively at etymological positions of old nasals. The choice of jus shows no apparent respect to their iotation: i.e. front nasals are commonly replaced by the big jus: pl.acc na istočniky vodnyǫ 'for the sources of water' (OCS -yę), f.pl.nom/acc poss.adj. roditelnęǫ dosady 'scoldings of the parents' (OCS -ęę), or the very common f.3sg.gen pronoun toǫ 'of her' (OCS toę). Old back nasals, too, are often reflected by a small jus: pl.acc sъnemši sъ sebe rizy i vъsę ęže nošaaše děvičъskǫę utvarъ 'puting off her shirts and all the girl's jewels she was wearing' (OCS *vьsǫ jǫže nošaaše děvičьskǫjǫ utvarь). In these instances, the shape of the ending determines the annotation. A secondary tag is used to mark the other possible analysis (e.g. toǫ: Pp3fsi, Pp3fsg). If the ending does not formally reflect any OCS ending known for the contextually expected gender-number paradigm, the annotation reflects the first suffix in the paradigm according to the "mixing of nasals" rule (e.g. vodnyǫ: Ampay).
Most Church Slavonic - especially Zogr. 107, Vuković 1536 and Kniga žitïi svętyxъ - sources distinguish between variants of /i/ and /y/, as well as /e/ and /ě/ (jat). For that reason the annotation distinguishes e.g. 2sg.gen/acc tebe (Pp2-sg) from 2sg.dat/loc tebě (Pp2-sd), a distinctive m.pl.acc (e.g. světilniky 'candlesticks': Nmpan) etc., which are not clearly distinctive in the damaskini, as well as in BAR 287 and the Tale of Alexander the Elder. In syntax, CS sources often show adnominal subordinate clauses without an anaphoric referent in the main clause, e.g. ne malǫ bo xodataistvuetъ polźǫ iže sъ usrъdiemъ sie proxoditi okušaǫštim sę 'for she provides a help not small for [those] who resolutely try to walk through this'. In such sentences, the head of the subordinate clause is marked with a secondary syntactic tag (i.e. okušaǫštim: advcl:obl:iobj).
The Greek-script damaskin NBKM 1064 uses a different character set described in detail in the Technical Description document. The text was processed in different script variants: accented Latin-based code script is adapted for conversion of letters specific for Greek alphabet (e.g. ς > ṣ, η > i), whose phonetic value may differ from that of Modern Greek. The original (Greek) alphabet can be selected by the "Cyrillic" option. Diplomatic transcript provides reconstruction of Bulgarian phonemes (e.g. ράμπο-τα ~ rámpo-ta > rabota). The ending -e in this source is ambiguous: likely reflecting the handling of jat (or small jus) in Cyrillic sources, it is often used with the phonetical value /ja/, e.g. sfetae i prepodobnae petka 'Saint and Reverend Petka'. Diplomatic transcript reflects the written letter in such cases, but the annotation tries to reconstruct the underlying form (e.g. sfetae: Afsny). On the top of that, the text also reflects unstressed vowel reductions (Mirčev 1978:143), which also tend to affect the endings (e.g. ηζή-κε+ νι νάσι ~ izí-ke+ nı násı > izike ni naši 'our tongue' ~ *ezikă ni našă?). In such instances, again, the underlying form is reconstructed in annotation (izike: Nmson).
Literature
Angelov, Bonjo (1958) Iz starata bălgarska, ruska i srbska literatura. Kniga 1. Sofia: BAN.
Argirov, Stefan (1895) Ljubljanskijat bălgarski răkopis ot XVII věk. In Sbornik za narodni umotvorenija, nauka i knižnina, 463–560. Sofia: Ministerstvoto na narodnoto prosvěštenie.
Cejtlin, Ralja M. (et al. 1994) Staroslavjanskij slovarʼ: po rukopisjam X-XI vekov. Moskva: Russkij jazyk.
Ciaramella, Roberto (1996) Novi danni za Berlinskija damaskin. In Palaeobulgarica XX (3), 120–129.
Conev, Benjo (1937) Slavjanski răkopisi na berlinskata državna biblioteka (= Sbornik na bălgarskata akademija na naukitě kn. XXXI), 1–79. Sofia: BAN.
Demina, Evgenija I. (1968, 1972, 1985) Tixonravovskij damaskin. Bolgarskij pamjatnik XVII v. Issledvanie i tekst, T. 1-3. Sofia: BAN.
Demina, Evgenija I. (et al. 2012) Rečnik na knižovnija bălgarski ezik na narodna osnova ot XVII vek. Sofia: Valentin Trajanov.
Georgiev, Vladimir I. (et al., 1972–2006) Bălgarski etimologičen rečnik. Tom I–VI. Sofia: BAN.
Kałužniacki, Emil (1901) Leben der H. Paraskeva. Werke des Patriarchen von Bulgarien Euthymius. Wien: Carl Gerold's Sohn.
Katičić, Radoslav (2011) Gazdarica na vratima: Tragovina svetih pjesama naše pretkršćanske starine (3). Zagreb: Matica hrvatska.
Miklosich, Franz (1865) Lexicon Palaeslovenico-graeco-latinum. Vindobona: Guilelmus Braumueller.
Mirčev, Kirill (1978) Istoričeska gramatika na bălgarskija ezik. Treto izdanie. Sofia: Nauka i izkustvo.
Miletič, Ljubomir (1923) Svištovski damaskin: novobălgarski pametnik ot XVIII v.. Sofia: BAN.
Mitrinov, Georgi (2019) Rodopski li e damaskinăt, săxranjavan v arxiva na rodopoveda Stoju I. Šiškov? In Ezik i literatura 2019/1-2, 133-143.
Mladenova, Olga (2007) Otnovo za lokalizacijata na părvonačalnija novobălgarski damaskinov prevod. In Tova čudo: ezikăt! Izsledvanija v čest na prof. d-r Živko Bojadžiev. Sofia: Sv.Kliment Oxridski, 309-316.
Novaković, Stojan (1877) Život sv. Petke od patrijarha bugarskoga Jeftimija. In Sjednica filologičko-historičkoga razreda jug.ak. 30.5.1877.
Panaitescu, Petre P. (1959) Manuscrisele slave din Biblioteca academiei RPR. Vol. I. Bucureşti: Editura Academiei RPR.
Petkanova-Toteva, Donka (1965) Damaskinite v bălgarskata literatura. Sofia: BAN.
Sprostranov, Evtim (1900) Opis na răkopisite v bibliotekata pri Sv. Sinod na Bălgarskata cărkva v Sofia. Sofia: Sv. Sinod.
Acknowledgements
The website development is funded by the Stiftung Empiris, Jakob Wüest Fonds, via Foundation for Research in Science and Humanities at the University of Zurich, and realized at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the University of Zurich. The corpus data was collected within the project 'Ill-bred sons', family and friends: tracing the multiple affiliations of Balkan Slavic funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF № 176378), led by Prof. Dr. Barbara Sonnenhauser. Also thanks to Jürgen Fuchsbauer for the help and guidance with the choice of individual editions of the Life, Olivier Winistörfer, Dumitru Chihai and Cristina Bleorţu for providing invaluable help with annotation, as well as to Teodora Vuković and Tomaž Erjavic for the guiding and patience during the development of annotation schemas.
Recommended citation
Šimko, Ivan; Escher, Anastasia (eds., 2021). Digital Editions of the Life of St. Petka of Tarnovo. Zürich: UZH Institute of Slavic Studies. Available online at https://www.punco.uzh.ch/ (last access: )
